have never been ended. And the prosperous of research began from the end of 1980s, especially these twenty years. In the 1980s, there was a group a people doing research on Thomas Hardy. Among them Joe Fisher, Roger Ebbatson and Peter Wilddowson are the most famous (N. He, 2008). The Hidden Hardy was written in 1992 by Joe Fisher. Joe Fisher’s The Hidden Hardy described the rebel of Hardy (Fisher, 1992). Hardy is born in a Christian family. His mother is a devout Christian. He was well educated and wished to be a priest. Hardy lives in the late Victorian time. There are so many writers like Rudyard Kipling and Alfred Tennyson who prize the peace and happiness of the society. However Hardy sees more unfairness and crisis from the peace and happiness. So he is a rebel in the deep heart. In 1989, Peter Wilddowson’s Hardy in History: A Study in Literary Sociology published. This book discusses Hardy from three aspects, which are literary criticisms, history and the creation of the novel. In Peter’s idea there are so many people doing research on the main works of Hardy, seldom do they do research on the subordinate works of his, and there are so much research paying attention to the tragedy of Hardy’s mind seldom do they do research on other aspects (1989). Roger Ebbatson detected Hardy’s subordinate novels and explains Hardy’s intensive idea toward the world and society in his Hardy: The Margin of the Unexpressed (1993).
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2.2 Research on the Politeness Principle Approach to Conversation Analysis
Politeness principle is well applied in analyzing the conversation such as English Business Letter, English drama and Comedy Situation. Wang Weixin made a pragmatic analysis to the conversation in Poor Koko. He believed that politeness principle was a good way to understand the characteristic and relationship between the writer and the thief and promoted the development of the story (W.X. Wang, 2012). Si Fucheng made the application of cooperative principle and politeness principle in English Business Letter. He found that politeness principle maxims in different cultures are indispensible for conducting successful business in commercial correspondence (Si. 2003). Cooperative principle can make the smoothness of the conversation and politeness principle can explain why people go against the cooperative principle. The combination of politeness principle and English business letter makes the description more brief and the writer easy to be understood. Politeness principle has also been used in analyzing the conversation in novels. Chen Mingjuan made an analysis of the conversation in Pride and Prejudice, and found that social dimensions affect gender differences in speaking patterns. Zhou Shujing and Dong Chuanjie used politeness principle to analyze the conversational silence. They found that conversational silence could save face and also avoided the imposition, confrontation or embarrassment (2014). It could be considered as remedy strategy of the conversation. Politeness principal can be well applied in understanding the conflict talk o
