摘要
妊娠期作为母体一个特殊的时期，其状态的好坏直接会对母体自身及胎儿成长都会产生重要的作用。这就说明了孕妇营养的重要性，应该重视妊娠期妇女的营养平衡，减少营养不良或营养过程带来的不利影响。营养个体化指导是指通过科学、系统、有效的且有针对性的营养教育，使孕妇能够意识到合理膳食的重要性，制定科学、合理的膳食计划，保证生活方式的健康，从而降低孕期可能发生健康风险的几率，减少疾病的发生，提高母体及胎儿的身体素质。通常来说，即便孕妇教育程度较低，其也能够意识到营养的重要性，因此大多数孕妇都愿意并积极的参与到营养改善之中。在此背景下开展孕期营养健康教育是能够满足大部分孕妇需求的必然举措，通过孕期营养健康教育和个性化营养指导不仅能够加大对营养健康知识的宣传，同时还能在孕妇自主、自觉的活动之下实现生活方式的转变，从而养成健康合理的行为习惯，为孕妇健康甚至是家庭健康奠定良好的基础。除此之外，营养个体化能够根据不同孕妇身体的不同条件制定不同的营养保健计划，有效搭配营养，实现对孕妇营养的改善，保证整个环节的零副作用，实现收益的最大化。
本文研究对象选自2015年9月至2016年10月济南市历下区妇幼保健医院，样本数量为400。入选标准为参加孕期培训的单胎初产妇。由于样本孕妇的怀孕时间均为4个月左右，且均参加了孕期营养保健课，这就培养了孕妇的保健习惯，因此在具体实施过程中可以根据孕妇饮食的具体情况及体重变化情况对实验组样本进行营养个体化指导，并对指导结果等进行计量。将营养分析软件处理得到的结果发放到孕妇手中，并开展统一授课，对具体结果进行讲解，从而指导实验组孕妇进行膳食改善。之后，实验组孕妇根据授课指导及自身实际条件对膳食情况进行调整，同时以电话、邮件等方式对孕妇体重及饮食情况进行跟踪记录，保证各项数据的及时、可靠。在对膳食调查数据的处理上，主要通过营养计算器软件V2.5进行。先将膳食调查数据录入计算器软件并计算出孕妇所食用的食物中所包含的能量和营养素。继而在excel表格中录入孕妇概况、食物摄入、能量及营养素摄入、身体状况、妊娠并发症、妊娠结局等内容，将这些内容与实际分析结果进行对比分析，作为对研究结果的检验。本文主要通过SPSS19.0对数据进行分析，并采用t检验、卡方检验等对统计对象进行检验分析，从而衡量数据是否存在统计学上的意义。
本研究的研究成果显示，营养个体化指导能够深化孕妇对食物营养的认知，增加其对营养摄入的了解，使其能够主动进行膳食改善和营养调整。在实际效果中，营养个体化指导的作用主要表现为控制孕期体重、增加自然分娩比例、降低妊娠并发症发生几率等。
关键词：营养个体化指导；孕妇；营养状况；妊娠结局
Abstract
Pregnancy as a mother of a special period, the state of the mother and the child directly and the growth of their own will have an important role. This explains the importance of nutrition in pregnant women, should pay attention to the nutritional balance of pregnant women, reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition or nutrition. Nutritional individualization refers to the scientific, systematic, effective and targeted nutrition education, so that pregnant women can realize the importance of a reasonable diet, develop a scientific and reasonable diet plan to ensure the health of lifestyle, thereby reducing the possibility of pregnancy. The risk of health risks, reduce the incidence of the disease, improve the physical fitness of the mother and the fetus. In general, even if pregnant women are less educated, they are also aware of the importance of nutrition, so most pregnant women are willing and actively involved in nutritional improvement. In this context to carry out nutrition and health education during pregnancy is able to meet the needs of most pregnant women, the inevitable move through the nutrition and health education during pregnancy and personalized nutrition guidance can not only increase the publicity of nutrition and health knowledge, but also in pregnant women, self-conscious Activities to achieve the lifestyle changes, so as to develop healthy and reasonable behavior, for the health of pregnant women and even family health and lay a good foundation. In addition, the individual nutrition can be based on different conditions of different pregnant women to develop different nutritional health care plan, effective with nutrition, to improve the nutrition of pregnant women to ensure that the whole side of the zero side effects, to maximize the benefits.
In this paper, the object selection in the study mainly from the following aspects: sample time interval from September 2015 to October 2016. The sample source is Jinan Municipality Liaowei District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,, the number of samples is 400. The sample standard was used to participate in the training of single births. As the pregnant women pregnant with pregnant women are about 4 months, and have participated in the pregnancy nutrition and health care class, which cultivated the health habits of pregnant women, so the specific implementation process can be based on the specific circumstances of pregnant women diet and weight changes on the experiment Group of samples to carry out individual nutrition guidance, and the results of the measurement and so on. The results of nutrition analysis software processing to the hands of pregnant women, and to conduct a unified teaching, the specific results to explain, so as to guide the experimental group of pregnant women to improve the diet. After the experimental group of pregnant women under the gu
