out on price bargaining 通用汽车的纵向整合不鼓励供应商采购，因此他们在价格谈判中失利
Ford, DaimlerChrysler and Japanese manufacturers have better styling and quality; an approach which GM should consider adopting to sustain its competitive edge 福特、戴姆勒克莱斯勒和日本制造商的造型和质量更好；通用汽车应考虑采用的方法来保持其竞争优势
Cost of GM motor vehicles is perceived as being too high 通用汽车的成本被认为过高
Buyers are nowadays inclined to buy sport utility and pickups which are not manufactured by General Motors 如今，买家倾向于购买非通用汽车制造的运动型多功能车和皮卡
GM enjoys a healthy product line and segmentation in pricing and functions 通用汽车拥有健康的产品线，并在定价和功能方面进行细分
Information Systems 信息系统
Using information systems at each part of the organization creates great efficiencies by automating and streamlining parts of the business. We recommend the following information systems at each department within General Motors:
在组织的每个部分使用信息系统，通过自动化和精简业务部分，可以提高效率。我们建议通用汽车各部门采用以下信息系统：
Human Resource Information Systems 人力资源信息系统
These are systems that maintain employee records, track employee skills, job performance and support planning for employee compensation and career development.
这些系统维护员工记录，跟踪员工技能、工作表现，并支持员工薪酬和职业发展规划。
LEVEL 水平等级
RECOMMENDED I.S.建议I.S
PURPOSE 目的
Operational 操作
Employee Records 员工记录
Track employee training, skills and performance appraisal 跟踪员工培训、技能和绩效评估
Knowledge 知识
Career Path 职业发展
Designs career paths for employees 为员工设计职业发展
Management 经营管理
Compensation Analysis 薪酬分析
Monitors the range and distribution of employees wages, salaries & benefits 监控员工工资、薪金和福利的范围和分配
Strategic 战略
Human Resources Planning 人力资源规划
Plans the long-term labour force needs of the organization 规划组织的长期劳动力需求
2. Finance and Accounting Systems 财务和会计制度
These are systems that keep track of the firm’s financial assets and fund flows.这些系统跟踪公司的金融资产和资金流动。
LEVEL 水平等级
RECOMMENDED I.S.建议I.S
PURPOSE 目的
Operational 操作
Accounts Receivable 应收账款
Track outstanding debts 跟踪未偿债务
Knowledge 知识
Portfolio Analyses 投资组合分析
Designs portfolios investments 设计投资组合
Management 经营管理
Budgeting 编制预算
Prepares short-term budgets 编制短期预算
Strategic 战略
Profit Planning 利润规划
Plans long-term profits 计划长期利润
3. Sales and Marketing Systems 销售和营销系统
These are systems that help the firm identify customers for its product or services. They also assist to develop product or services that meet customer needs, promote and sell them as well as providing ongoing customer support.
这些系统帮助公司识别产品或服务的客户。他们还协助开发满足客户需求的产品或服务，推广和销售这些产品或服务以及提供持续的客户支持。
LEVEL 水平等级
RECOMMENDED I.S.建议I.S
PURPOSE 目的
Operational 操作
Order processing 订单处理
Enters, processes and tracks orders 输入、处理和跟踪订单
Knowledge 知识
Market Analyses 市场分析
Identifies customers and markets using data on demographics, markets, consumer behaviour and trends 使用人口统计、市场、消费者行为和趋势数据识别客户和市场
Management 经营管理
Pricing Analyses 定价分析
Determines prices for products and services 确定产品和服务的价格
Strategic 战略
Sales and Forecasting 销售和预测
Prepares 3-5 year sales forecast 编制3-5年的销售预测
4. Manufacturing and Production Systems 制造和生产系统
These are systems that deal with planning, development, production of products and services and controlling the flow of production.
这些系统处理产品和服务的规划、开发、生产以及控制生产流程。
LEVEL 水平等级
RECOMMENDED I.S.建议I.S
PURPOSE 目的
Operational 操作
Machine Control 机器控制
Controls the actions of machines and equipment 控制机器和设备的动作
Knowledge 知识
Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助设计
Designs new products using the computer 使用计算机设计新产品
Management 经营管理
Production Planning 生产计划
Decides when and how many products should be produced 决定何时生产多少产品
Strategic 战略
Facilities Location 设施位置
Prepares and decides where to locate new production facilities 准备并决定新生产设施的位置
In addition to the information systems mentioned here above, we also recommend the following office automation systems:准备并决定新生产设施的位置
E-mail System: Improve GM’s internal and external communication, creating an effective and efficient service 电子邮件系统：改善GM的内部和外部沟通，创造高效的服务
Word Processing System: Office system technology that facilitates the creation of documents through computerized text editing, formatting, storing and printing 文字处理系统：通过计算机文本编辑、格式化、存储和打印，促进文档创建的办公系统技术
Document Imaging System: System that converts documents and images into
