绝对伦理学认为，有一种普遍的道德准则是最终的，它平等地适用于所有年龄段的人，而变化的情况或变化的观点对这种绝对道德准则没有任何影响。相对论或相对论伦理学认为，道德标准因环境的不同而不同。有如此多的文化和宗教差异，在某些情况下，做某些事情可能在道德上是正确的，但在其他情况下，这可能是完全不道德的。例如，穆斯林有四个妻子是正确的，但对于基督徒来说，这将被认为是不道德的。
Examples of ethical issues which can affect the operational activities of a business. 可能影响企业经营活动的道德问题示例。
The advantages of ethical behaviour include:道德行为的优点包括：
Higher revenues – demand from positive consumer support. This will also lead to improved brand and business awareness and recognition. If the business in running in an ethical manner, it would also lead to better employee motivation and recruitment. And finally the business will grow because of new sources of finance.
更高的收入——来自积极消费者支持的需求。这也将提高品牌和业务的知名度和认可度。如果企业能够以合乎道德的方式运营，也会带来更好的员工激励和招聘。最后，由于新的资金来源，业务将会增长。
The disadvantages of ethical behaviour include: 道德行为的缺点包括：
But sometimes the situation is difficult and there are some ethical issues faced. It can be difficult to decide as to what is right and what is wrong.
有时情况很困难，也面临一些道德问题。很难决定什么是对的，什么是错的。
Certain examples are:例如：
Use of child labour and forced labour: It is against the law to use children for work or to employ someone to work for you against his or her will. They might need the money but it is unethical. Even if the child or his parents agree and provide their consent, it is unethical and illegal to use child labour and do forced labour.
使用童工和强迫劳动：利用儿童工作或违背他人意愿雇用他人为你工作是违法的。他们可能需要钱，但这是不道德的。即使儿童或其父母同意并表示同意，使用童工和强迫劳动也是不道德和非法的。
Production in sweatshops is also unethical. Sweatshop is a factory or production place where the working environment considered to be unacceptably difficult or dangerous.
血汗工厂的生产也是不道德的。血汗工厂是指工作环境恶劣或危险的工厂或生产场所。
Employee Working Conditions: employers must be aware of the safety of their work environment and must make sure that they pay their employees adequately. An employee should take ethics into consideration while giving a very difficult task or asking an employee to stay for long hours outside the working times.
员工工作条件：雇主必须意识到其工作环境的安全，并确保向员工支付足够的工资。员工在执行非常困难的任务或要求员工在工作时间之外长时间逗留时，应考虑道德规范。
Violation of the basic rights of workers: All workers have the basic rights. Everyone is entitled to a break when they have worked continuously for long hours. Even if there is a deadline to meet or there is lot of work to be completed, we must ensure that the basic rights are provided to all the workers.
侵犯工人基本权利：所有工人都有基本权利。每个人都有权在长时间连续工作后休息。即使有最后期限或有大量工作要完成，我们也必须确保向所有工人提供基本权利。
Ignoring health, safety and environmental standards: Sometimes due to financial restraints the employer is not able to cater for the health and safety and it doesn’t meet the required standards. There is no excuse for this type of behaviour. This would be considered unethical.
忽视健康、安全和环境标准：有时由于经济限制，雇主无法满足健康和安全要求，也不符合要求的标准。这种行为没有任何借口。这将被认为是不道德的。
Employee behavior: This can be a matter of debate. Should an employer allow his employees to read their personal emails at work? If the employee makes any complaint of harassment at work, how will the manager deal with it? These are few examples of ethical issues regarding employee behavior.
员工行为：这可能是一个有争议的问题。雇主是否应该允许员工在工作中阅读个人电子邮件？如果员工对工作中的骚扰提出投诉，经理将如何处理？这是少数几个关于员工行为的道德问题的例子。
Supplier/Customer Relations: must consider whether it is ethical to do business with other business workers who have unethical practices.
供应商/客户关系：必须考虑是否与其他有不道德行为的企业员工做生意是道德的。
References:参考文献
Ethical Studies Second Edition, Bob Bowie, Robert Bowie, Edition 2, illustrated, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004
Ethical Issues in Youth Work, Professional ethics, Sarah Banks, Taylor & Francis, 2010
Ethical Issues in Business: Inquiries, Cases, and Readings, Peg Tittle, Broadview Press, 2000
Current Issues in Business Ethics, Peter W. F. Davies, Routledge, 1997
留学生作业范文在结尾处运用绝对伦理与相对伦理的概念和观点，总结企业实际运用过程中，总结员工行为，供应商或客户关系等相关问
