近年来出现了一些优秀的文献研究全球化的不同的影响，对政府行为；在动态的公司；在技术和竞争力的策略；在制度和区域发展。虽然这些集合涉及的几个方面，这里的方法更具体地解决了全球化的跨国企业活动和经济发展。全球化的过程中，提请注意该公司的协调和交易功能的日益重要的意义。同时也提出了关于国家和地方政府为它们如何能够影响的方向与经济发展目标相一致的经济活动空间组织的作用问题。
认识到有许多不同的方式定义全球化，这卷的意见作为过程，世界经济正从一个媲美的国家和地区市场转变为集市场操作不考虑国界。
ABSTRACT 摘要
In recent years some excellent volumes have emerged dealing with many of the different effects of globalisation upon behaviour of governments (Dunning,1997); upon the dynamics of the firm(Chandler et al., 1998); upon technology and competitiveness strategies (Casson,1991); and upon institutional and regional development (Amin and Thrift,1994). While several of these collections touch on aspects of this volume, the approach here more specifically addresses the globalisation of multinational enterprise activity and economic development. The process of globalisation has drawn attention to the growing significance of the coordinating and transaction functions of the firm. At the same time it has raised questions about the role of national and subnational governments as to how they are able to influence the spatial organisation of economic activity in directions consistent with their economic development objectives.
Recognising that there are many different ways of defining globalisation, this volume views it as the process by which the world economy is transformed from a setoff national and regional markets into a set of markets that operate without regard to national boundaries.
The central thrust of this volume is towards developing a deeper understanding of the ways in which the globalisation of business impacts upon economic development. One element of this is therefore about the political economy of globalisation. Strange, 1997 observes that from that perspective globalisation means the coincidental effects of three major changes: namely the accelerated internationalisation of production; the sharply increased mobility of capital; and greater mobility of knowledge or information from communication of messages to the transfer of technology. There is little doubt that in various roles the multinational corporation (MNC) has been driver, enabler and promoter of these processes.
INTRODUCTION 简介
The multinational company undergoing globalization needs to reorganize internally. First, the importance of lateral relationships between units in the firm has been stressed (Galbraith, 2000). Second, the importance of disseminating knowledge developed in the subsidiaries' external business relationships has been studied (Andersson and Holm, 2002). The phenomenon "secondary degree of internationalization" (Forsgren, 1989) puts the previous internationalization of the subsidiaries in focus. This has an important and problematic influence on the reorganization for globalization. Havila et al. (2002) argue that it is not the size of the multinational corporation that is important, but the control of networks that provides their power and influence. Their ability to create global networks and utilize geographically-dispersed resources are crucial. It follows that an important aspect of this is the ability to learn in, and from networks (Håkansson and Johanson, 2001). Thus, learning in the multinational firm from its network context could be influenced by its internal organization.
Third, driven by globalization of customers, suppliers develop global key account organizations (Montgomery et al., 1999). Birkinshaw et al. (2001) found that global account management structures allow multinational corporations to increase their information processing capacity and their bargaining position vis-à-vis the global customer. The effectiveness of information processing through global account management was conditional on the presence of high supplier-customer dependence. However, the organizational change to a global key account management structure is both complicated and difficult.
Fourth, globalization influences location and coordination of research and development, procurement and manufacturing activit
