从数字禁忌和数字喜好谈中英文化差异

ed by cultural anthropologists and sociologists, and much has been achieved in this area. Language is commonly viewed as a means of communication, and a means of expressing ideas and emotions of human beings. It is a specific social behavior and a carrier of information used for human communication in a society (林承璋，57). Culture has long stood for the way of life of a people, for the sum of their learned behavior patterns, attitudes, and material things (Edward T，126). Thus, language taken as part of culture also conveys culture. Culture is influenced by many factors such as language, social system, religious beliefs, customs and so on. So in the whole world, cultures are different from one country to another. Language plays a special and important role in culture. Language and culture interact with each other.
2.1 Interactive Relationship Between Language and Culture
Language does not develop in empty space. Language is part of the culture of a people and the chief way by which the members of a society communicate. A language, therefore, is both a part of culture and a medium through which the other parts of culture are expressed (Lado, 65). Language is the principal means whereby we conduct our social lives.

To begin with, the words people utter refer to common experience. They express facts, ideas or events that are communicable because they refer to a stock of knowledge about the world that other people share. Words also reflect their authors’ or speakers’ attitudes and beliefs, their point of view that are also those of others. In both cases, Language expresses cultural reality. But members of a community or social group do not only express experience: they also create experience through language. They give meaning to it through the medium they choose to communicate with one another. Through all its verbal and non-verbal aspects, language embodies cultural reality. Finally, language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value. We can say that language symbolizes reality•

On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. Language cannot exist without culture and it cannot be isolated from the belief of a culture coming from ancient times. 
2.2 Divergences of Language and Cultures
Philologists and linguists have been interested in the diversity of human language and their cultures since the 18th century (The New Encyclopedia, 1993). These scholars put forward the idea that different peoples speak differently because they think differently, and that they think differently because their language offers them different ways of expressing the world they are in.
Common attitudes, beliefs and values are reflected in the way members of the group use language (Kramsch, 119). Language is not a culture-free code, distinct from the way people think and behave, but, rather, it plays a major role in the perpetuation of culture, particularly in its printed form.
Different nations have different cultural patterns. The people sharing the same cultural pattern are attracted to live together. E. H. Hall said in his book “The Silent Langua