从组织职能谈企业发展

摘 要： 组织学是研究组织发展规律性的一门学问。组织是由许多个人和群体所组成的一个有机整体，而不是各个个人和群体的简单相加，它具有自己的特点和行为规律性；同时，组织又是在两个人以上或更多人协同劳动时，为达到共同目标而必须进行合理的组合、搭配、协调的活动过程和行为表现。许多经济学家和管理学家，还把组织看作是除了劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象之外的第四大生产要素。研究结果表明，在其他生产要素不变的情况下，只要经过合理组织，就能创造出新的社会生产力。国内外的实践反复证明，进一步加强组织学的研究和应用，对于提高我国的管理水平和组织绩效，发展社会生产力，实现“四化”的宏伟目标，保持经济的持续、稳定、协调发展，具有重要的作用。 在我国，组织学还刚刚起步，许多企业对组织理论了解甚少，不能适当地选择适合本企业发展的组织结构形式，在组织变革中也不能很好的掌握评价指标和标准。本文选择了以下几个问题进行研究： 1. 三种基本的组织职能理论。 2. 介绍了组织职能的一些基本形式，尤其研究了在中小企业和跨过公司里的形式和作用。 3. 企业进行组织结构职能转变决策的分析及其效益理论。 4. 构建企业组织职能实现效果评价指标体系的原则，从而确定企业发展、进行组织结构职能实现的效果评价标准，并进行了实例分析。 5. 论述为适应企业发展，组织职能转变过程中应当注意的问题及对策。 关键词：组织，组织职能，组织结构，企业发展，组织变革，效果评价 Abstract Histology is a piece of knowledge which studies the regularity in organization development. Organization is an organic formed by a lot of persons and colonies. But not the simple summation of each individual and colony, it has one's own characteristic and behavior regularity. Besides, the organization is the behavior of rational association when many people work together to reach the common goal. A lot of economists and managers, regard organization as the fourth largest production factors besides labor force, means of labor and subject of labor even .The result of study shows , in case of not changing in other production factors, so long as through organizing rationally, can create new social productivity .Domestic and international practice proves repeatedly , strengthen the research and application of histology further has important function in improving the management level of our country and the organize performance, developing social productivity, realizing the magnificent goals of" the Four Modernizations", keeping economic continuation, stability, coordinated development. In our country, histology has just started .Enterprises understand very little about organizing theory , so they can't properly choose suitable organization structure for them and Among organizational changes they can't well grasp the standard . Some aspects of the theory and methods of decision following are investigated in this thesis. 1. Three kinds of basics function theory of organization. 2. Introducing some basic forms of organizational function, especially study in the small and medium-sized enterprise and across-countries company. 3. The decision analysis and benefit theory of the enterprise's carrying on the institutional framework function and changes 4. Structuring the principle of enterprise organizes appraising the effect, thus determine the direction of the enterprise developing and the standard that enterprise organizes evaluating the effect. 5. In order to adapt to the enterprise development, discussing the question and countermeasure that should be paid attention to in the course of organization function transformation Keywords: Organization, Organization fuction, Organization structure, corporation development, Organization transformation, Impact estimation