政府购买服务—社会公共服务改革的新途径
城市管理城市管理
政府购买服务（Purchase of Services）是西方国家的一项社会福利制度方面的改革，从上世纪六十年代至今已有四十多年的实践，对社会服务领域产生了深刻的影响。政府购买服务在我国还属新鲜事物，但是这种“政府承担、定项委托、合同管理、评估兑现”的政府提供公共服务的新模式已经成为当前中国公共服务改革的新途径。本文以上海市对政府购买养老服务的探索实践为例，回顾了西方国家政府购买服务的发展过程、阐述了政府购买服务的内涵和理论支持、总结了中国实施政府购买服务的意义和存在障碍，积极寻求促进中国政府购买服务发展和完善的可能措施和途径。
本文共分三部分：
第一部分为案例——上海市政府购买养老服务的探索实践。简单介绍了上海市政府购买养老服务的实践过程并由此作出理论总结。
第二部分为政府购买服务的溯源、内涵和理论根据。政府购买服务是源于西方发达国家的一项社会福利制度方面的改革，通过对其历史回顾以较深入地了解政府购买服务的兴起背景、发展、成熟的过程。通过对政府购买服务的概念界定，详细阐述了购买服务的内涵和推行政府购买服务的理论根据。
第三部分为政府购买服务在中国的实施情况，也是本文的重点。详细阐述了政府购买服务在中国推行的意义，推行过程中存在的障碍以及促进政府购买服务发展的基本思路。
通过分析和总结政府购买服务的实践经验，探求政府购买服务在中国推行的领域、措施和方法是本文研究的主要目的。但是，限于笔者的学术水平，本文的分析还有失完整，案例分析的框架和结论存在诸多不足，只能在以后的学习研究中予以解决。
[英文摘要]： Purchase of services is a Hesperian reform about social welfare system. It had more than 40 years’ practice from 1860 to now and has had the profound influence to the social service domain. Purchase of services is the new thing in our country, but this kind of new pattern of providing the public services has already became a new approach of the current Chinese public service reform. This article takes the Shanghai practice of government purchase service of caring for the aged as an example. Through reviewing the developmental process of Hesperian government purchase services, the article elaborates the connotation and theory basis of the purchase of services and summarizes the significance and hindrance during the implementing purchase of services in China and positively seeks the possible measures and ways of developing the purchase of services.
This article is divided three parts.
The first part is a case of purchase of services. It simply introduces the case of Shanghai practice of government purchase service of caring for the aged and makes the practice summary from the case.
The second part is the source, connotation and theory basis of purchase of services. Purchase of services is a Hesperian reform about social welfare system. Through reviewing its history, we can thoroughly understand the starting background, the development and the mature process of purchase of services.This part also makes a more comprehensive definition of purchase of services through summing-up and elaborats its connotation, the contract form and the government function. At the same time, it elaborates the the theory basis.
The third part is the implementary situation of purchase of services in China and also is the key point of this article. It in detail elaborates the significance and hindrance during the implementing purchase of services in China and positively seeks the possible countermeasures of developing the purchase of services.
The article main goal is to seek implementary domain and measures and ways of purchase of services.But the analysis of this article still isn’t integrity, and the case analysis frame and conclusion has many insufficiencies because of the author's low academic level, which can only be solved in the later study.
