er get the same or similar with the original understanding of the reader. Some scholars have pointed out that "In a sense, can be understood to be translated as 'Schema Translation'" [6] 50.
cultural schema is the translator of the most difficult problem and needs to be handled carefully. The tourism and cultural information materials can be said to be very concentrated, in the translation process to translate, if not addressed, some of which cultural information is likely because they can not activate the appropriate schema the reader, even difficult to understand the failure .
Second, tourism translation gaps and differences in cultural schemata
(a) cultural schemata blank (cultural schema default)
because of geographical, historical and cultural reasons, some very familiar with the concept of a civilization can not exist in another culture entirely, and no corresponding expression. The reader "not an appropriate schema, there is no way to quickly build a Schema" [4] 41, resulting schema blank.
For example, in appreciation of the cultural heritage of China, foreign tourists will inevitably come into contact with a lot of historical names. These names for the Chinese people are very familiar, but for tourists may be completely unfamiliar to. The following sentence taken from Zhejiang Lanxi Monk Ji Gong Memorial Hall on the introduction:
Example 1: Chi Kung Robin Hood, loved by the poor people [7].
Ji Gong in China is a household name, his image in the minds of Chinese people have also taken root. When Chinese readers to see "Ji Gong" This is a word, their minds Chi Kung schema will be activated - casual clothes, some crazy words, different behavior, hatred for the rich is not benevolent, and concern for the poor and so on. However, Western readers do not know, "Ji Gong" Why promise them. If the sentence directly translated as "Jigong robbed the rich and helped the poor and was deeply loved and esteemed by the impoverished", as the reader of cultural schema of the blank, Western readers will be the surface meaning of a sentence, did not like the Chinese readers produce warm feeling.
In addition, the long history in China, dynasties is a common phenomenon. Various dynasties of China there is also a schematic of Western tourists blank common cause. For example:
Example 2: (Utopia), founded in Shanxi, first flourished in the Tang and peak in the Song, Yuan Tai destroyed, when the decline in the Ming and Qing fashionable, depression in the Republic of China, becoming complex in the liberation of large-scale restoration was developed in 1990 [8].
PRESIDENT: It was first built in the Jing Dynasty and got more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty and gradually flourished around the Song Dynasty. However, it suffered damages during the Yuan Dynasty. Sometimes it rose and sometimes declined in the Ming and Qing Dynasty . It became desolate during the period of Min Guo and only resorted with state funds after liberation and has been developing in a big way in 1990.
aside grammatical errors in translation and misuse of the word is not said that the translation did not convey an idea of paradise through dynastic changes, ups and downs of history. For the little knowledge of Chinese history, foreign tourists, because there is no corresponding schema is available, these dynastic names for them, but no sign of any significance.
(b) of the Cultural Schema Differences ( cultural schema disparity)
Howard pointed out that the schema differences between the "intention of the reader and the author used a different schema to understand the article," [4] 42
