on the embodiment of negative meanings

on the embodiment of negative meanings thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of bachelor of arts table of contents 　 prologue ……………………………………………………………03chapter one. the comprehension of negative meaning ………04 section a. distinguishing the negative target ………………. 04 part 1. part negation ………………………………………..04 part 2. transfer negation ……………………………………….04 part 3. scope of negation ………………………………………04 section b. distinguishing the negative signification …………….05 part 1. verbs ……………………………………………………..05 part 2. abstraction nouns ………………………………………06 part 3. adjective phrases ………………………………………06 part 4. preposition or its phrases ……………………………..06 part 5. specific words and expressions ……………………..06chapter two. the expression of negative meaning ………………..07 section a. expression of double negative ………………………07 part 1. the definition of double negative ……………………07 part 2. the usage of double negative ……………………….08 section b. the positive and negative management in negation.09 part 1. the definition of position negation …………………...09 part 2. the definition of negative negation ………………….10acknowledgements ………………………………………………………...13 bibliography .………………………………………………………………...13　 prologue some linguists say, “every language has its peculiarities in negation”. though we often neglected difference between chinese and english in negation, negation is really important in the way of thinking and in the mode of speaking, especially in the subject of translation (e-c) which can’t be ignored. if we study the matter closely, we shall not fail to notice that native speakers of english have their own way of thinking in the negative and of expressing implications, quite different from ours.there are many traps during translating the negative sentences. without cautions, mistaken comes out. i think several reasons caused these mistakes. some negative words will alternate the negative part in a sentence. some negative words seem to negate the near part but the far one in fact. some negative words have different meanings in different contexts (full negatives or partial negatives). two or more negative words get together to become affirmative. some negative words combine with other words to be a fixed arrangement, which can not be comprehended from the surface meaning. and more…here i have an instance.the nazis had not instantly withdrawn from africa or sicily merely because of threats to their rear. this sentence has these means of translation as followed (chinese meaning in english): the nazis had not instantly withdrawn from africa or sicily , merely because of treats to their rear. the nazis had not instantly withdrawn from africa or sicily, not because of treats to their rear. the nazis had not < withdrawn form africa or sicily because of threats to their rear >.