strategy here doesn’t refer to the "morbid skill to please others " described by Braiker (2001) (in order to be so-called "good" man, the people’s act shall be consistent with the ten "must" requirements), but refers to a speaker’s taking full advantage of all the strategies he could think of and not being limited to a single language means so as to achieve the best communication effect when expressing the request in specific communicative context. In other words, speech strategy is to obtain the corresponding communicative purposes by using propriate vocabulary, grammatical structure, sentence selection, discourse arrangement and intonation treatment.
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Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Cross-cultural Pragmatics
The first half of the 20th century saw the peak of structural linguistics. 60 years later, the changes of two aspects make linguistics study show a flourishing and contending situation. One is the lateral expansion. The linguistic study is no longer like what proclaimed by Chomsky, "the matter to be concerned about in linguistic theory is a conjectured speaker and hearer, the language of the community he lived is pure, and he understands the language of this community very much.", but begins to focus on language phenomenon, language function and language application in the real society, and social linguistics, functional linguistics, discourse linguistics, comparative linguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics and other sub-disciplines emerged. The second is the vertical development. Linguistics study has no longer been like what was advocated by Bloomfield: "the description work of language is to make more stringent analysis on the language form and simultaneously assume that these language forms have a solid meaning which can be determined". In addition to the systematic study on the language structure, scholars also begin to give full attention to and study another important property – meaning, rather than is dwelled on the meaning assumption, which leads to the rise and development of semantics and pragmatics. Or, from the structure to the meaning and then to dynamic meaning, a Syntax-Semantics-Pragmatics development venation of linguistics which is developing longitudinally has been formed.
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2.2 Request Speech Act
Speech act theory is one of the important topics of the pragmatic study, which was raised by the linguist Austin in 1960s and 1970s. Language is not only a tool of describing the objective world, but an act--speech act. Later, the linguist Searle went further and took this theory as a theory
