青蒿素研究的思想起源Idea Sources of the Artemisinin Research ——葛洪自然哲学思想综述Summary of Ge Hong’s natural philosophy

青蒿素研究的思想起源Idea Sources of the Artemisinin Research
——葛洪自然哲学思想综述Summary of Ge Hong’s natural philosophy

[摘要]本文以中国获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女科学家屠呦呦受葛洪所著《肘后备急方》启发成功发现青蒿素为引子，从葛洪的哲学思想形成的家世生平背景、时代背景、理论背景入手，对其自然哲学思想的本体论、认识论、辩证法这三个方面进行阐述，进而对其自然哲学思想进行全面评价，指出其科学贡献以及历史局限性。
[Abstract] Based on the successful discovery of artemisinin by Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou who won the Noble Prize in physiology or medicine and who is inspired by Ge Hong’s Zhouhou Beiji Fang, this article introduces Ge Hong’s natural philosophy from its ontology, epistemology and dialectics by starting with the family background, life story, historical background and theoretical background of the formation of Ge Hong’s philosophical thought, and then carries on the comprehensive appraisal to its natural philosophy thought and points out its scientific contribution as well as the historical limitation.

1 引言 Introduction

2015年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获奖者中，中国科学家屠呦呦发现的对抗疟疾的青蒿素举世瞩目。在研究黄花蒿抗疟效果的过程中，屠呦呦得到葛洪《肘后备急方》的启发，改换提取方式，从而成功获得有活性的青蒿素。葛洪在神仙道教哲学中为建立神仙道教体系和外丹学奠定了坚实的基础。他在其著作《抱朴子内篇》中形成了自己的道教哲学体系，他的这一著作在道教史、自然科学史和哲学史上都占有重要地位。同时葛洪是一位集宗教家和古代科学家于一身的哲学家，他是一个具有理性主义的有神论者，他提出了很多值得后世研究的科学思想，葛洪的哲学思想对当代科学思想仍具有较大的启示作用与新的研究价值。
Among the winners of the 2015 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou attracted worldwide attention by her discovery of artemisinin that can fight malaria. During the research of antimalarial effects on Artemisia annua, Tu Youyou was inspired by Ge Hong’s Zhouhou Beiji Fang and then changed the extraction methods, thus successfully obtained activated artemisinin.Ge Hong established a solid foundation for the establishment of the immortal Taoism system and the outer Dan.He formed his own Taoist philosophy system in his book Bao Pu Zi which is of great importance in the history of Taoism, natural history of science and philosophy. Besides, Ge Hong is also a religionist, an ancient scientist and a rationalist theist. Many of his scientific thoughts are worth researching by later generations. Ge Hong's philosophy still has great inspiration and new research value to contemporary scientific thought.

2葛洪自然哲学思想形成的时代背景historical background of the formation of Ge Hong’s philosophical thought
3葛洪自然哲学思想形成的理论背景theoretical background of the formation of Ge Hong’s philosophical thought
4葛洪自然哲学思想的主要内容The main contents of Ge Hong's natural philosophy thought
4.1 “玄”、“道”、“一”的本体论思想 ontology thought of mysterious, Tao and integration
4.2 葛洪的认识论思想 Ge Hong’s epistemology thought
4. 3  葛洪的朴素辩证思想Ge Hong’s simple dialectical thought
5葛洪自然哲学思想的历史地位及其贡献The historical position and contribution of Ge Hong s philosophy of nature
5. 1对科学方面的贡献Contribution to science
5.2对哲学方面的贡献Contribution to philosophy
6葛洪自然哲学思想的局限性Limitations of Ge Hong's natural philosophy

7结语 Conclusion

在中国魏晋时期出现了一大批具有丰富思想内涵的哲学家，他们的思想多数具有思想内容涵盖广泛的特点，葛洪正是具有这一鲜明特点的哲学家，他的著述涵盖医学、化学、哲学、政治学、文学等许多方面。本研究只是对魏晋时期一位哲学家的思想进行了研究，也只是对其中某一部分的思想进行概括，研究的另一价值就是可以通过对葛洪哲学思想的研究开启对魏晋时期其他哲学家思想的研究，或是对魏晋这一特殊历史时期的哲学思想进行进一步的认识与探究。

China’s Wei and Jin dynasties are accompanied by a flood of philosophers with rich thoughts.Most of their thoughts cover a wide range of ideas and Ge Hong is one of the philosophers who have the distinctive feature. His works range from medicine, chemistry, philosophy, politics and literature.This thesis just chose one philosopher's thought in Wei and Jin dynasties and part of his thoughts as the object of study.The other value of the study is that the research of Ge Hong’s philosophical thoughtcould open the research of other philosophers’philosophical thought in Wei and Jin dynasties, or the further understanding and explorationof the philosophical thoughtduring this special historical period.