经济增长是指在一个给定的时期内，通常是一个长期的经济中的商品和服务的生产的积极变化。在实践中，最广泛使用的指标来衡量的是国内生产总值或国内生产总值。衡量“成交量”或“不断的价格”来纠正通货膨胀的影响。增长率，它是国内生产总值的变化率。人均GDP的增长往往是作为个人财富的改善迹象，生活可比标准。
经济增长被定义为长期生产的增长，它可以对环境产生负面影响，创造可持续发展的关注。它有三个方面：环境、社会和经济。
Economic growth refers to positive change in the production of goods and services in an economy over a given period, usually a long period. In practice, the most widely used indicators to measure is the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. It is measured "volume" or "constant prices" to correct the effects of inflation. Growth rate, it is the rate of change of GDP. The GDP growth per capita is often used as an indication of the improvement of individual wealth, comparable standard of living (Investopedia US,2012).
The economic growth is defined as an increase in production in the long term, it can have negative effects on the environment, creates concerns for sustainable development. It has three circles: environmental, social, and economic.
Growth is a fundamental process of contemporary economies, due in particular to the industrial revolution, access to new mineral resources (deep mines) and energy (coal, oil, gas, nuclear ...) as well as progress art. It transforms people's lives to the extent that it creates more goods and services. In the long term, growth has a significant impact on the standard of living (as opposed to quality of life) of companies that are part. Similarly, enrichment resulting from economic growth can help to reduce material poverty. However, some consequences of economic growth (such as pollution and environmental damage, including accentuation of social inequalities) are often considered perverse effects that require distinguish growth and progress (Pietro F. Peretto, 2012).
Economic growth due to an increase of production depends on the increase factors of production, natural resources, land and human often do little difficult, expensively or slowly renewable and partly technical progress. Some authors such as Thorvaldur Gylfason and Gylfi Zoega (2006) believe that economic growth measured by GDP tends to destroy the stock of natural resources. Some contemporary economists such as Paul Romer (1990) include in their reflections limitation of natural resources, and the fact that technological progress and knowledge can generate new growth.
The issue is therefore: Can we reconcile economic growth and sustainable development? 我们能协调经济增长和可持续发展吗？
I. The current economic growth is not compatible with Sustainable Development
1 - A destructive economic growth:
Until the early nineteenth century, the human economy thinks it is within the limits and the terms of those of nature, and conversely, the economy of nature is conceived metaphorically in the economy of those men (Hudson P. 2011). This consistency is characteristic of society's largely agricultural users of cold energy (hydro, wind), dependent on natural rhythms and cycles. This vision of the linear and steady state will be undermined by Darwin's paradigm of a nature evolution. The man is then a nature that evolves in nature that it is likely to evolve to a nature that it is capable of transforming even deeper (Tim M. Berra, 2008).
After the military defeat of Napoleon's troops, a serious question agitated the minds of patriots seeking the causes of this failure. If France was in 1789, the first European power, it is no longer the case in 1815 (Pearson Education, 2010). France is exceeded by England in regard to the volume of production and technological advancement. Military power is no longer sufficient to dominate the world, now it is necessary to have an economic and industrial power. This is the era of the industrial revolution (Ashton, T. S. 1948).
But nowadays, the harmful effects on the environment are ignored: the destruction of the Amazon rainforest, intensive fishing or emissions of greenhouse gases from factories and automobiles accompany the increase in GDP but catastrophic in terms of sustainability (or sustainable). Indeed, these activities threaten the
