摘要
随着居民收入的普遍提高,越来越多的居民具备了购买轿车的消费价值,尤其是近年以来,私人购买轿车的绝对数量和占整个轿车消费比例大幅提高,中国轿车消费进入一轮快速增长阶段。受目前市场形势的影响,我国轿车生产价值出现了连续超高速增长,目前国内轿车生产价值的增长已经超过市场需求量的增长。并且由于国内外一些设计方案的不断加入到汽车制造的阵营中,包括民营设计方案,汽车制造设计方案在国内的竞争已经达到了白热化。在不断升级的汽车市场中逐渐出现两种现象:
1. 家用车价格在不断地下降
与往年相比,今年国产车价调整周期由8个月缩短为3个月,汽车厂家不再等到年底销售压力增大时降价,而是以季度为方案进行价格调整。上半年大众、通用、福特等合资品牌和上汽、奇瑞、吉利国产品牌都在半年内连降两次。预计未来3~5年,我国汽车特别是轿车的价格将呈不断下降的趋势。
2. 消费者对汽车安全性的要求在不断地增加
目前国内产品中安全气囊的数量正逐渐增加,除了正面气囊外,侧气囊、侧气帘以及膝部气囊逐渐成为标配,部分厂商已经开始测试用于行人保护的外部气囊。
基于此,本课题以某合资厂的安全气囊为原型,以驾驶员气囊的织布材料为基础,通过气囊点爆实验、滑台实验、仿真DOE分析和环境模拟试验,最终在整车碰撞中进行验证,进行“功能不变,降低成本,提高价值”的价值项目的研究。为设计方案节省百万元的成本同时,并为后续的项目开发,气囊的材料选择作为理论依据。
关键词:碰撞安全、安全气囊、静态点爆实验、线性冲击实验、滑台试验、仿真DOE分析、环境模拟
ABSTRACT
With the general increase in the income of residents, more and more people have the ability to buy a car, especially in recent years, the absolute number of private purchase of cars and the proportion of the entire car consumption increased significantly, China's car consumption into a rapid growth stage. Influenced by the current market situation, China's car production capacity has been a continuous high speed growth; the growth of domestic car production capacity has exceeded the market demand growth. And because of domestic and foreign enterprises to join in the camp, including private enterprises, automobile manufacturing enterprises in the domestic competition has reached a white hot. In the continuous upgrading of the automotive market, there are two phenomena gradually:
1) family car prices in constant decline
Compared with previous years, this year, domestic prices adjust period by 8 months relationship for 3 months, automobile manufacturers no longer until year-end sales pressure increases when the price, but to quarter units was to adjust the price. The first half of the year, the general public, Ford joint venture brands such as SAIC, Geely, Chery and domestic brands are in the fall of two times within half a year. The next 3 to 5 years, China's automobile especially car prices will show a declining trend.
2) consumer demand for car safety is constantly increasing
At present the number of domestic products in the airbag is gradually increasing, besides the front airbags, side airbags, side curtain airbags and knee airbags gradually become the standard, some manufacturers has begun testing for pedestrian protection external airbags.
Based on this, this subject to the joint venture plant airbag as a prototype, to a driver's airbag woven material as the foundation, through the air bag implosion experiments, experimental and simulation platform DOE analysis, eventually in the vehicle collision in verification, "keep the function, reduce the cost, greatly improve the value"of value engineering research. For the enterprise to save millions of cost in the same time, and for the follow-up of the project development, air bag material selection as a theoretical basis.
Key Words:crash safety, airbag, static deploymenttest, linear impact test, sled test
目录
第一章 绪论 9
1.1研究背景及意义 9
1.2 价值项目国内外研究现状 9
1.3本课题的主要研究内容 10
第二章 相关理论综述 11
2.1 价值项目的基本原理 11
2.1.1 功能的特性 11
2.1.2 成本的特性 11
2.2 价值项目的工作程序和方法 12
2.2.1 价值项目的一般工作程序 12
2.2.2 项目项目中应用价值项目的活动程序 13
2.3 价值项目的应用 14
第三章 安全气囊滑台模拟实验方法的研究 16
3.1 滑台搭建方法 16
3.2 目标波形的选择及模拟 16
3.3 假人安放 16
3.4 高速摄像及数据采集系统的设置 16
3.5 参考点火时刻(RTTF)确定及气囊参数的初步选择 17
第四章 价值项目安全气囊织物材料项目评价模型构建 18
4.1 评价指标权重的确定 18
4.1.1 确定权重的常用方法 18
4.1.2 三角模糊数的计算原理 19
4.2 基于三角模糊数的价值项目安全气囊织物材料项目评价模型 21
4.2.1 安全气囊织物材料项目评价的基本思路 21
4.2.2 安全气囊织物材料项目评价的主要步骤 22
4.3 安全气囊织物材料项目评价模型的优点和作用 24
第五章 环境模拟试验和C-NCAP整车碰撞对比验证 26
5.1 环境模拟试验验证 26
5.1.1噪音试验 26
5.1.2拆装试验 27
5.1.3跌落试验 27
5.1.4温度振动试验 29
5.1.5湿热循环试验 31
5.1.6热冲击试验 33
5.1.7环境模拟试验小结 35
5.2 C-NCAP整车碰撞对比验证 35
5.2.1 C-NCAP介绍 35
5.2.2 C-NCAP 2012版和C-NCAP 2015版的区别 36
5.2.3 碰撞前的配置确认 36
5.2.4 碰撞后实验结果 37
第六章 价值工程在安全气囊织物材料项目中的应用 39
6.1 确定价值工程的对象 39
6.2 安全气囊织物材料方案设计 40
6.2.1 收集信息资料 40
6.2.2 方案设计 41
6.3 方案评价 42
6.3.1 利用QFD确认评估指标权重 43
6.3.2 指标评估 44
6.4 价值工程成果评价 45
6.4.1 确定功能评价指标 45
6.4.2 功能指标权重的计算 45
6.4.3 功能系数的计算 49
6.4.4 成本系数的计算 50
6.4.5 价值系数的计算 50
6.4.6 安全气囊织物材料项目评价结果分析 51
6.5小结 53
第七章 结论与展望 54
7.1 结论 54
7.2 进一步工作的方向 54