现代税收制度essay
英国1947年在马来半岛引进了现代税制，之后被在1968年1月1日生效的《1967所得税法》取而代之。税务局董事会(IRB),前身是一个作为政府机构的税务局部门(IRD),承担着在马来西亚征收所得税的职责。像世界各地的其他税款征收机构一样,税务局董事会需要处理不遵守所得税法规的问题，特别是偷税漏税问题。
逃税现象总是存在于税收制度中。每当当局试图对其公民征收税款时，总会有些个人或公司尽量逃避缴税。在这个全球化的时代，这个问题越来越严重,因为现在个人逃避税款的可能性正在加大,同时问题也越来越不容易被发现。根据2012年10月22日《星辰》的报道，马来西亚还是有偷税漏税的现象在发生，虽然马来西亚是东南亚税率倒数第二低的国家。
认识到逃税问题的严重性,因此遏制逃税的是非常重要的，因为逃税会对经济产生重大的负面影响。
The Modern Tax System Economics Essay
Modern tax system was introduced in the Malaya by British in 1947 and then it was replaced by the Income Tax Act 1967 which came into effect on 1 January 1968. Inland Revenue Board (IRB) which formerly known as Inland Revenue Department (IRD)act as a government agency that take up the responsibilities of collecting income taxes in Malaysia. Like any other tax collecting agencies from all around the world, IRB has to deal with the problem of income tax non-compliance specifically the problem of tax evasion.
Tax evasion is a phenomenon that has been always with the tax system that is whenever an authority tries to impose tax on its citizen, there will be individual or firms that will try to avoid them. The problem is getting more serious in this era of globalization as it increase the possibility of individual evading tax and at the same time reducing the problem of being detected. The phenomenon of tax evasion still does happening in Malaysia even though Malaysia is the second country of lowest tax rate in South East Asia, as reported by The Star, 22nd October 2012.
Looking at the seriousness problem of tax evasion, curbing the problem of tax evasion is therefore important as tax evasion have a major negative impact on the economy. Various ways or strategies have been proposed or introduced by the government or IRB in combating the problem of income tax non-compliance.
This paper will try to address the issue of tax evasion through few objectives which is first by identifying a several forms of tax evasion, understanding the reason for people evading taxes, looking at the impact of tax evasion in economy, and the most important thing is to address several proposal made by government and IRB in curbing tax evasion. Lastly is to compare the efficiency of the tax system with other countries.
Objectives
To identify several forms of tax evasion under the Income Tax Act 1967
Understanding the reason of tax evasion
Study the impact of tax evasion in an economy
Identify ways in curbing tax evasion
Comparing the efficiency of tax system with other countries
Income Tax Act ( Forms of Tax Evasion)
Since the type of tax we will be focusing on is the income tax, so first, let us look at the history of it. Income tax was utilized briefly from 1861 to 1872 on the national level as an emergency measure during the Civil War. It did not become a permanent feature of the federal tax structure until 1963. In 1984, an attempt by President Grover Cleveland to introduce the income tax on the national level failed when the U.S. Supreme Court declared the enacted law unconstitutional. In 1913, a constitutional amendment was adopted that empowered Congress to levy taxes on both personal and business incomes. At the state level, the exercise of the income tax was unfavorable prior to the early twentieth century. The first successful state income tax was instituted by Wisconsin in 1911. Then, the income tax was soon adopted by other states. Since 1960, personal income taxes have become an increasingly important source of revenue for state governments.
Tax incentives are largely governed by the terms of the Investment Incentives Act 1968. All income derived from Malaysia is taxable for both residents and non-residents. Resident individuals and companies are unlikely chargeable to tax on foreign income which is not brought into the country. Capital gains are not taxed, except for certain gains on disposal of real property, while, personal taxation is on highly progressive scale. Under the Income Tax Act 1967, individual income
