对话教学交际化 1.Students engage in conversations,provide and obtain information,express feelings and emotions,and exchange opinions.2.Students understand and interrupt written and spoken language on a variety of topics.3.Students present information,concerpts,and ideas to an audience of listeners or readers on a variety topics.交际法的教学基本原则是:(1)把言语交际作为教学的出发点和依归;(2)力求使教学过程交际化;(3)以学生而不是教师作为学习的主体;(4)把听、说、读、写四会技能视为综合的语言活动,把口语和书面语放在同等重要的位置上。我国现行统编英语教材在单元dialogue系列中,要求学生在学完该对话后,必须能说出或写出易于接受的目标语,而且是在未经排练的语境中这样做。教师在对学生进行交际教学的过程中,也不应忽视语言点的教学。而语言点的教学更多的是涉及到句子结构的综合分析和词汇的思维教学---即完形填空测试的前奏性教学。 教师通过移植思维创设类似话题。如:在学完SBⅠ——Unit 4(dialogue)之后,通过“变式”创设下列表格,先由2人或4人小组自由交谈,然后教师抽查,并给予小奖品鼓励,激发学生动机。 when how where Where (stay) Student A (×××) next Thur.evening(…) by air(take a taxi to the airport with my father Sydney (…) penfriend,John’s house Student B (×××) on Fri.(…) by air(not by train) New York(…) Parents’ house(stay for two months.) 教师通过英汉文化差异创设情境交际题。如: ----Mike,I’ll go now for the new job. ----________!I hope you do fine. A.Congratulations 教师通过词汇比较分类创设情景交际题。如: anybody/everybody/somebody/nobody ----Iseverybodyhere? ----Yes,we are all here.(有些学生定势思维说答案是anybody) ----The exam was easy,wasn’t it? 因此,教师在教学中,应注意限制心理定势的消极作用,多发展求异思维能力。有利于良好的思维品质形成。 语法教学归类情景化 中国学生学好英语语法就好比是获得了一条过河的船。但是又不能为学语法而语法,学语法一定要结合句子意义的思维去学。即首先让学生大量接触适合自己程度的语言材料,对其中一部分认真学习,加以归纳,力求融会贯通,读来上口,觉得那样表达的方式顺理成章,十分自然而不勉强,也不生疏。这样,你就会逐渐对英语的基本格式初步有了一定的语言感。The great virtue of grammar is that it brings to light the general in the particular and the particular in the general,but studying grammar is not the solution if your goal is to learn to communicate. 教师通过创设语境,学生领悟时态。如;The stopwatch said that three minutes forty-eighty seconds---Oh,hehad brokenthe world record!(不少学生填has broken) 教师通过创设有效句子,学生须综合分析答题。如:So far I have not found my book yet,as a matter of fact,I’m not surewhatto do with it.(反馈信息:大部分学生填how) 词汇教学灵活多样化(形象、直观、情景、分类、比较、发现……) 一般认为,所学的词在短期内复现的次数越多,记忆效果就越好。但是,英国语言学家Bahrick却认为,人们对某一事物记忆的好坏,取决于对该事物认识层次的深浅。对于有较深了解的词只要呈现一次或两次,其记忆效果会比呈现多次好。他主张,教师应力求使学生理解并记牢第一次出现的词。在他看来,重要的是如何呈现词汇的方法和技巧。1.When presenting new vocabulary,you must teach its meaning and pronunciation.2.The precise meaning of new words,in specific contexts,is very important.3.The meaning of new words can be taught through pictures,mime,real objects,as well as from a situation in context.4.Teachers need 教师通过句子创设情境,要求学生领悟出其单词。如:教师要求学生学习单词partner,lose weight,difficulty不妨创设这样的句子并附带body laguage或简笔画进行教学。If you want to dance,you will find apartner.He is too fat,so he has tolose weight.Mr Wang was a well-known teacher in the school,so we had nodifficulty/trouble(in)finding his house.