1. Introduction
Environmental risk management is becoming a critical component of corporate strategy.
Until the 1960s, there was little concern with environmental risks on the part of businesses,
governments or societies. An unrealistic and naõÈve attitude existed which considered that
natural systems had an in®nite capacity to absorb the pollutants and wastes of industrial
economies. Environmental risks and costs were externalized with internal risks and costs
effectively at zero; thus there was no ®nancial incentive for environmental risk management
systems to exist. Various events, such as Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, smog levels in
Los Angeles, Love Canal, and the burning Cuyuga and Rhine Rivers, began to gradually shift
public opinion to the realization that environmental risks do indeed exist and require the
attention of risk management systems.
2. Environmental risk management systems
3. Applying the risk management process to environmental risk management
4. Genetically modi®ed organisms
5. Global warming/climate change
6. Conclusion
REFERENCES
